Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY)

The Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) is a flagship scheme of the Government of India aimed at providing loans to unfunded micro enterprises and small businesses.

On 8 April 2026, the scheme completed 11 years of empowering small and micro entrepreneurs.

• It was launched on 8 April 2015.
• Any Indian citizen with a business plan for income-generating activities in the non-agricultural sector (such as manufacturing, processing, trade, or services) can avail loans under this scheme.
• MUDRA stands for Micro Units Development & Refinance Agency Ltd.

Categories of MUDRA Loans

MUDRA loans are provided under four categories:

1. Shishu – Loans up to ₹50,000
2. Kishor – Loans above ₹50,000 and up to ₹5 lakh
3. Tarun – Loans above ₹5 lakh and up to ₹10 lakh
4. Tarun Plus – Loans above ₹10 lakh and up to ₹20 lakh

Other Features

• The loans include both term loans and working capital.
• The scheme covers manufacturing, trading, service sector, and also agriculture-related activities (such as poultry, dairy, and beekeeping).
• Loans are provided through:
  • Commercial Banks
  • Regional Rural Banks (RRBs)
  • Small Finance Banks
  • Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs)
  • Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs)
• Interest rates are determined as per Reserve Bank of India (RBI) guidelines, and repayment terms are flexible.

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Government e-Marketplace (GeM)

The Government e-Marketplace (GeM) is India’s national public procurement portal, launched in 2016 by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.

GeM has achieved a total Gross Merchandise Value (GMV) of ₹18.4 lakh crore, including crossing ₹5 lakh crore GMV in FY 2025–26.

Key Features

• It is India’s national public procurement portal.
• Its objective is to enhance transparency, efficiency, and inclusiveness in government procurement processes.
• It serves as a platform for the procurement of goods and services by:
  • Central Government ministries and departments
  • State governments
  • Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs)
  • Other affiliated organizations
• It is a fully digital, cashless, and system-driven platform, providing end-to-end solutions for both buyers and sellers.
• It uses AI-based tools and a multilingual Learning Management System (LMS) to make public procurement more accessible.
• It also includes voice-enabled navigation and sector-specific training modules, helping connect sellers from remote and underdeveloped areas.

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