Dhartia Aba Tribal Village Utkarsh Abhiyan (PM-JUGA)

In September 2024, the Prime Minister launched the Dhartia Aba Tribal Village Utkarsh Abhiyan (PM-JUGA) with the aim of improving the socio-economic status of tribal communities.

Key Highlights:

• Budget: ₹79,156 crore
• Objective: To bridge significant gaps in social infrastructure, health, education, and livelihood through integration of schemes.
• Coverage: 63,000 villages across 30 states/UTs, benefitting over 5 crore tribal individuals.

Tribal Demographics and Challenges:

• Population: 8.6% of India's total population (Census 2011)
• Poverty: 40.6% of the tribal population lives below the poverty line
• Employment: Majority depend on agriculture and forest-based livelihoods
• Literacy Rate: 72.1%, but low representation in higher education
• Health: Triple disease burden – malnutrition, infectious diseases, genetic disorders (e.g., sickle cell anemia)
• Lack of Infrastructure: Severe shortage of health facilities in tribal areas

Major Focus Areas under PM-JUGA:

• Infrastructure: Roads, healthcare facilities, digital connectivity
• Economic Empowerment: Skill training, forest-rights-based livelihoods, tribal homestays, Tribal Marketing Centres (TMMC)
• Education: Strengthening Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS)
• Health: Reducing malnutrition and disease burden

Supplementary Tribal Welfare Schemes:

1. Pradhan Mantri Adi Adarsh Gram Yojana (PMAAGY)
2. Minimum Support Price (MSP) for Minor Forest Produce (MFP)
3. National Health Mission (NHM)

MCQs in English:

1. Consider the following statements regarding the PM-JUGA initiative: (list_type_1)
   1. The scheme covers 63,000 tribal villages across 30 States/UTs.
   2. The total budget for the scheme exceeds ₹1 lakh crore.
      Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
      (a) Only 1
      (b) Only 2
      (c) Both 1 and 2
      (d) Neither 1 nor 2
      Answer: (a) Only 1

2. Which of the following is NOT a major focus area under the PM-JUGA scheme? (simple_type)
   (a) Digital connectivity
   (b) Tribal homestays
   (c) Environmental conservation
   (d) Reduction in malnutrition
   Answer: (c) Environmental conservation

3. Match List-I with List-II and choose the correct answer: (list_type_2)

Options:
(a) A-1; B-2; C-3; D-4
(b) A-2; B-1; C-4; D-3
(c) A-1; B-4; C-2; D-3
(d) A-3; B-2; C-1; D-4
Answer: (a) A-1; B-2; C-3; D-4

4. Consider the following Assertion and Reason: (assertion-reason type)
   Assertion (A): Tribal communities in India do not have adequate access to healthcare services.
   Reason (R): There is a severe shortage of primary health centres and trained personnel in tribal areas.
   (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
   (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
   (c) A is true, but R is false.
   (d) A is false, but R is true.
   Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

5. Which of the following is an objective of the Dhartia Aba Tribal Village Utkarsh Abhiyan (PM-JUGA)? (simple_type)
   (a) Increasing self-reliance in defense production
   (b) Urban development through the Smart Cities Mission
   (c) Improving tribal livelihood and education
   (d) Technological advancement in space exploration
   Answer: (c) Improving tribal livelihood and education

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Gyan Bharatam Mission (2025)

Gyan Bharatam Mission is an ambitious initiative announced by the Government of India in the Union Budget 2025–26. Its goal is to survey, document, conserve, and digitize India’s ancient manuscript heritage. This mission is an expansion of the National Mission for Manuscripts (NMM) launched in 2003, and it is now renamed as Gyan Bharatam Mission.

Key Objectives:

1. Nationwide Survey and Documentation: Identification, cataloging, and documentation of manuscripts across India.
2. Preservation: Conservation and restoration of manuscripts using modern techniques.
3. Digitization: Establishment of a National Digital Manuscript Library by digitizing manuscripts.
4. Publication and Research: Editing, translating, and publishing rare and unpublished manuscripts.
5. Capacity Building: Organizing training programs in manuscriptology, paleography, and conservation.
6. Public Awareness: Increasing public awareness through exhibitions, seminars, and cultural events.

Budget and Implementation:

• Budget Allocation: ₹482.85 crore allocated.
• Duration: Central sector scheme from 2024 to 2031.
• Implementing Agencies: Ministry of Culture, Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), Universities, IITs, Museums, Libraries, and Private Collectors.

Progress So Far:

• Documented Manuscripts: Over 5.2 million manuscripts have been documented.
• Digitization: Around 350,000 manuscripts have been digitized.
• Online Availability: 137,000 manuscripts are available at namami.gov.in.

Significance and Impact:

• Preserving India's Intellectual Heritage: Preventing the loss of invaluable traditional knowledge.
• Promoting Research and Education: Enabling scholars to access and study ancient texts.
• Integration with Modern Science and Technology: Potential for application of ancient knowledge in modern contexts.
• Global Cultural Recognition: Re-establishing India as a center of learning and knowledge.
• Employment and Skill Development: Creating jobs in conservation, translation, and research.

Eligibility Criteria for Manuscripts under the Mission:

1. Manuscripts that are 75 years or older are given priority.
2. Manuscripts written in Indian languages like Sanskrit, Pali, Prakrit, Tamil, Telugu, Persian, Arabic, etc.
3. Manuscripts may relate to any subject or knowledge tradition, such as:
   • Vedas, Vedangas
   • Ayurveda, Astronomy, Mathematics
   • Literature, Drama, Music, Art
   • Religion, Philosophy, Ethics, Folklore
4. Manuscripts may be written on any material: birch bark, palm leaf, cloth, copper plates, or handmade paper.

Note: Even manuscripts that are less than 75 years old may be included under a special category if they hold exceptional historical or cultural significance.

Constitutional Relevance of Gyan Bharatam Mission:

The mission aligns with the Directive Principles of State Policy and Fundamental Duties under the Indian Constitution:

• Article 49 – Protection of Monuments:
  "It shall be the obligation of the State to protect every monument or place or object of artistic or historic interest declared to be of national importance."
• Article 51A(f) – Fundamental Duty:
  "To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture."
• Article 29 & 30 – Cultural and Educational Rights:
  These articles empower minorities and cultural groups to conserve their script, language, and traditions.
• Article 51A(h) – Promote spirit of inquiry and reform:
  The mission preserves and promotes both scientific and traditional knowledge.

Thus, while the mission is not directly established under any single article, it is ethically and constitutionally supported by these provisions.

🔷 UPSC Key Points:

Question (GS-1 / GS-2):
“Gyan Bharatam Mission is a significant initiative towards the preservation of India’s cultural and intellectual heritage.” Discuss.

Answer Structure:

• Introduction: Brief about India’s rich manuscript tradition.
• Objectives and Functions of the mission.
• Achievements and Impact so far.
• Challenges and Way Forward.
• Conclusion: Suggestions for the long-term success of the mission.

🔸 MCQs for Practice:

1. Consider the following statements regarding Gyan Bharatam Mission: (list_type_1)

1. It is an extension of the National Mission for Manuscripts started in 2003.
2. It aims to preserve only Sanskrit and Pali manuscripts.
   Which of the above statements is/are correct?
   (a) Only 1
   (b) Only 2
   (c) Both 1 and 2
   (d) Neither 1 nor 2
   Answer: (a) Only 1

2. The primary aim of the Gyan Bharatam Mission is related to: (simple_type)
(a) Modernizing India’s science and technology sector
(b) Preservation and digitization of India’s intellectual and cultural manuscript heritage
(c) Promoting foreign languages training
(d) Creating a digital museum of modern art and literature
Answer: (b) Preservation and digitization of India’s intellectual and cultural manuscript heritage

3. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer: (list_type_2)

Options:
(a) A-2; B-3; C-1; D-4
(b) A-1; B-2; C-3; D-4
(c) A-2; B-1; C-3; D-4
(d) A-3; B-2; C-4; D-1
Answer: (a) A-2; B-3; C-1; D-4

4. Which of the following manuscripts are prioritized under Gyan Bharatam Mission? (simple_type)
(a) Only those in Sanskrit and 50 years old
(b) Only printed books on modern topics
(c) Manuscripts that are 75 years or older and written in Indian languages
(d) Only e-books that have been published online
Answer: (c) Manuscripts that are 75 years or older and written in Indian languages

5. Assertion-Reason Type Question: (assertion_reason_type)
Assertion (A): Gyan Bharatam Mission is a historic step towards the preservation of India’s priceless intellectual heritage.
Reason (R): The mission only digitizes modern books available in central universities.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Answer: (c) A is true, but R is false.

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